It turns out that imaginary numbers aren’t really needed for quantum mechanics.

As mind-bendingly counterintuitive as the subject is, though, it is showing up in all kinds of technological spaces these days. Including the stock market. Which of the various technologies being ...

For the first time, physicists have built a working version of quantum mechanics without complex numbers — numbers that have been considered essential to the theory for nearly a century. Complex ...

Several years ago one of us, Toni, asked another of us, Marco, to come to his office at the Institute of Photonic Sciences, a large research center in Castelldefels near Barcelona. “There is a problem ...