Endogenous pyruvate is an end-product in glycolysis and a key molecule for ATP production under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas exogenous pyruvate is transferred to cells via monocarboxylate ...

Pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) from Escherichia coli uses a radical mechanism to reversibly cleave the C1-C2 bond of pyruvate using the Gly 734 radical and two cysteine residues (Cys 418, Cys 419). We ...

HEREDITARY spherocytosis with its associated congenital hemolytic anemia is generally easily recognized and satisfactorily treated with splenectomy. A rarer group of congenital hemolytic anemias, ...

Fifty years since its discovery, scientists have finally worked out how a molecular machine found in mitochondria, the 'powerhouses' of our cells, allows us to make the fuel we need from sugars, a ...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by intestinal pain, bleeding, and impaired gut barrier function. At the heart of the disease lies TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling, which ...