Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Our work represents one of the first attempts to assess the impact of IT (information technology) on both process output and quality. We examine the optical character recognition and barcode sorting ...

In a service oriented architecture (SOA), it refers to the flow of business processes. A "non-interruptible" or "microflow" process receives input and generates output. An "interruptible" or ...