Inductive reasoning is a branch of logic. In a valid inductive argument, the conclusion (consequent) is believed to be true on the basis of its antecedents. For example, when all swans are observed to ...

As we mentioned earlier in this series, one of the goals of these articles is to help forum members separate productive debates from flame wars. If this our goal, we have an obvious challenge: what do ...

Inductive proofs; the concept of ‘a posteriori’. Cosmological argument: St Thomas Aquinas’ first Three Ways – (motion or change; cause and effect; contingency and necessity). The Kalam cosmological ...

Machiavelli paved the way for modern forms of political enquiry - but to describe him as a political By Maureen Ramsay Machiavelli’s status as a political thinker rests in part on the novelty he ...